Improvement in sewing-machines



w 3 Sheets-Sheet 1. MOREY & JOHNSON.

Sewing Machine.

.Patented Feb. 6, 1849.

I a Sh Sh t3. MOREYMOHNSON. Bets ee.

" Sewing Machine No. 6,099. Patented Feb. 6, 1849.

N. PETERS mawulhu n rwr, wuningtcn. n. C.

. UNITED, STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES MOREY AND JOSEPH B. JOHNSON, OF BOSTON, MA SSAOHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN SEWING-MACHINES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent N0. 6,099, dated February6, 1849.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES MOREY and J OSEPH B. J oHNseN, of Boston,in the county accompanying drawings, letters, figures, and

references thereof.

Of the said drawings, Figure 1 exhibits a top view of our said machine.Fig. 2 is a front elevation. Fig. 3 is an end elevation. Fig. 4 is atransverse vertical and central section. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal andvertical section taken through the axis of the bobbin, and lookingtoward the front plate of the frame, the said section being so made asto represent the hook and the mechanism by which it is operated,together with that by which the clothbar is moved. Fig. 6 is ahorizontal section taken just above the needle and the hook, to behereinafter described.

The kind of sewing which is effected by our machine is what is generallyknown under the name of ehain-stitchthat is to say, the thread is passedthrough the cloth in the form of loops, each one of which is passedthrough the one next to it and in rear of it. The formation of the loopsor stitches and their in terlacement are produced in a very simplemanner by the united operations of a needle and a hook, as we shallherinafter explain.

In the drawings above mentioned, A cxhibits a frame of metal or otherproper material, made in a manner suitable to sustain the op erativeparts applied to it. A driving-shaft, B, extends across the frame A, andhas its journals supported in suitable bearings applied to the sides ofthe frame. The said shaft is to be put in operation by a crank or a beltmade to run over a pulley, O. A fly-wheel, D, is placed upon the saidshaft in the position as seen in the drawings.

The first element or part of the machine by which the stitch or loop ispassed through the cloth is the needle. It is seen at c. It is made likea common needle, with the exception that the eye or hole 0, whichreceives the thread I), is made through the needle very near to itspoint, as seen in Fig. 7, which denotes a top view of the needle. Just-in rear of the eye-hole the needle is bent or has a slightdepression, as seen at c in Fig. 8,which denotes a side View of theneedle. The needle is supported in ahorizontal positiomas seen indrawings,by a curved arm, (1, which projects from a standard, f, erectedupon a horizontal slide plate or carriage, g, which should be suitablysustained between parallel guides or ways, so as to be capable of beingmoved back and forth in a direction at right angles to the front face orside of the machine. A reciprocating rectilinear motion is imparted tothe said carriage (and, of course, to the needle) by a grooved cam, h,and a stud, 17, which projects down from the under side of the carriageand into the groove of the cam. The said cam is rep= resented in sideview in Fig. 9 and in top view in Fig. 10. The thread I) is wound upon abobbin, 7c, fixed upon a horizontal shaft, Z, which is supported by andrevolves in bearings made in two metallic standards, m a, arranged asseen in the drawings. On one end of the said shaft Zthere is africtionpulley, 0, against the periphery of whicha spring, 19, is madeto bear with more or less force, according to the amount of frictionrequired to drag the thread close into the cloth as the loops orstitches are successively formed. From the bobbin the thread is passedthrough a hole or eye on the end of a spring, q, made to project fromthe top of a post, 0". Thence the thread passes downward through guidess t on the arm d, and is carried upward througlr the eye of the needle,as seen in the drawings.

The hook which operates in connection with the needle becomes the nextelement for explanation. It is seen at t. It is arranged at right anglesto the needle, and is jointed (so as to play vertically) at its rear endto a slide plate or carriage, a, which is supported in suitable guides,which admit of its being moved in a direction parallel to the front faceof the frame.

The reciprocating rectilinear movements of the carriage a and the hook tare produced by the following'idescribed mechanism: .The front end ofthe carriage a is jointed to the upper arm of a lever, '0, which moveson a fulcrum, w. The lower end of said lever rests against the peripheryof a small cam or wiper, w, placed upon the main or driving shaft justin rear of the front side plate of the frame. The

other end of the carriage a is connected to one tached to the frame.Now, when the cam 10 is revolved, it acts against the lower arm of thelever v in such manner as to cause said lever to move on its fulcrum, soas to produce an advance of the carriage u and the hook it in adirection toward the needle. The spring a: retracts the carriage afterthe extreme eccentric part of the cam has passed by or acted upon thelever. A top view of the hook is represented in Fig. 11., and a frontside view of it in Fig. 12. The said hook is made in a peculiarmannerthat is to say, it has its pointz bent down below or so as to makean angle with the shank a, as represented in Fig. 12. This is necessaryin order to enable the hook to seize the thread 011 the needle when thehook is retracted or drawn back over the needle. The loop which isformed upon said hook is caused, by the peculiar construction of thehook, to turn into a vertical position, so as to allow the needle topass through it when it next advances. The shank of the hook is alsoformed with a small projecting bend, as seen at b, Fig. 12, which bendrests and moves up and down upon an inclined or curved plane, a,disposed under the hook, as seen in Fig. 5. The object of the said bendZ) and the said plane 0' is to allow the hook to descend a littledirectly after it has been drawn back from and beyond the needle, inorder' that the opening of the loop resting on the hook may be madelarge enough to insure the passage of the needle through the loop thenext time said needle is advanced. A spring, 21, is arranged, as seen inFig. 5, so as to press upon the hook and cause it to drop downward atthe proper time. The cloth, when punctured by the needle, is supportedby a plate, (2 which has a small hole, 6, made through it for thepassage of the needle. a is a curved arm, which is intended to projectdown in front of the cloth and near the needie. It is for thcpurpose ofpreventing the needle from drawing the cloth forward too far when saidneedle is drawn out of the cloth.

The next portion of the mechanism to be specified is that by which thecloth is sup.- ported and regularly or properly advanced or movedlaterally in one direct-ion, in order to cause a row of stitches or aline of sewing to be produced in said cloth. The cloth-bar or carriagewhich supports the cloth is'seen at f, Figs. 1 and 2. An elevation ofthe rear side of it is exhibited in Fig. 18. long bar ar *anged as seenin the drawings, and suitably supported so as to be capable of beingmoved horizontally and in a plane parallel to that of the front side ofthe frame. In other words, it has a dovetailed tenon, 'projecting fromits rear side and extending from one end of it to the other end of it,which tenon moves in a corresponding dovetailed groove made in theframe. A long rack of teeth, h,

is affixed to and projects rearward from the.

inside face of the said tenon, as seen in Figs. 4 and 13. The front oroutside face of the cloth-bar has a series of clamps, i i, 810., or

It consists of aend of a spring, :20, whose opposite end is atotherproper contrivances applied to it for the purpose of holding orconfining to the bar the two pieces of cloth to be sewed together. Eachof said clamps consists of a jaw hinged tothe plate and forced againstthe plate or cloth'bar by a set-screw, k, which is made to pass throughthe jaw or clamp and to screw into the bar. A spring, Z, 011 each screw,and ar ranged between the clamp and bar, serves to press the clamp awayfrom the cloth when the screw is loosened. The said bar is alternatelymoved the length of each stitch, (when the needle is out of the cloth,)and suffered to remain at rest while the needle is passing into,through, and out of the cloth, the same being effected in'the followingmanner: A pawl, m,

is hinged to the top of alever, n, which turns upon a fulcrum, 0, all asseen in Fig. 5. The said pawl operates in the rack 71., and is forced upagainst the same by a spring, 1). The lever a has a retractive spring,affixed to it and the frame A. The said lever is actuated by the cam orwiper w, before mentioned, which, during its revolution, so acts againstthe lever as to cause it to move the pawl and rack or cloth-bar a shortdistance. The extent of retraction of the lever and paw], and of coursethe length of each stitch of sewing, is regulated by a screw, 0", whichscrews through a fixed stud or projection, s, and

abuts against the lever just above its fulcrum. By means of the saidscrew the-pawl may be made at each retraction of it to slip over one,two, or more teeth of the rack of teeth, as oocasion may require, inorder that when the pawl is impelled forward it shall move the rack andcloth-bar a corresponding distance. The movement of the rack-bar may bearrested at any time by means of a wire, it", which is suspended to thepawl, it being necessary merely to pull on said wire, so as to draw thepawl out of action upon the rack.

Having thus described the manner in which our said sewing-machine isconstructed, we shall now proceed to explain the method of forming theloops and each successive stitch of a series or row of stitches.

Fig. 14. represents on a large scale a diagram of the mode of formingloops and their interlacement. In the said figure, a I) are supposed torepresent sections of two pieces of cloth to be sewed together. Theneedle is seen at a, the hook at t, and the thread at a. As soon as theneedle has been passed entirely through the two pieces of cloth a b andto the extent of its motion forward, the hook t is made to advance andto pass above and over and across the needle and the thread lying on theupper side of it. This being accomplished, the hook is next retractedand suffered to fall vertically sufficiently to enable the point of it,

laterally the length of the next stitch. The

needle is next iorced forward through the cloth, and the loop 0 which,by the peculiar formation of the hook, will have been so turned upwardas to permit the needle to pass through it. The hook is next advanced,and leaves the loop upon the needle and again seizes the thread on theupper side of the needle, and is retracted and forms a fresh loop, theprocess of looping and interlacing the loops being so continued untilthe whole line of loops is completed. The slack of thread will be takenup by the action of the spring q, while the tightness of the draft of itin the cloth will be regulated by the amount of friction exerted on thebobbinshaft by the frictiolrpulley p and pulley 0.

CHARLES ll'IOREY. JOSEPH B. JOHNSON.

Witnesses:

R. I-L EDDY, F. GOULD.

